How to Improve Fuel Economy: The Method, a Worked Example, and the Factors That Matter

Drivers search for how to improve fuel economy because they want a straight answer they can act on, and this page gives it to them in the form of a method rather than a single number. The pages below explain what is involved, how to do it step by step, what can go wrong, and when to see a professional, with the numbers stated openly and the assumptions labelled.

Keep the method in mind as you read: the answer follows from the inputs, so write yours down before you trust the result. The worked example uses figures labelled as examples, and the table shows the result at several values so you can see how the answer moves. That is the point this page works through for how to improve fuel economy.

What you need to know first — how to improve fuel economy

On this page, how to improve fuel economy is the case in point: The gallon matters more than most drivers realise. A US gallon and an imperial gallon are different sizes — an imperial gallon is about 20 percent larger — so the same car shows a higher MPG figure in the UK than in the USA without using any less fuel. Litres per 100 kilometres is the same consumption expressed the other way round: a lower number means less fuel used. The conversion is litres per 100 km equals 282.48 divided by imperial MPG, or 235.21 divided by US MPG, and the gallon type must be stated every time.

The point to carry into how to improve fuel economy is that the method matters more than any single figure on this page, because your car, your roads and your driving are not the same as anyone else's.

How it works in practice — how to improve fuel economy

Taking how to improve fuel economy as the case in point: Real-world MPG differs from official figures because official figures are measured in a laboratory test cycle, while real driving includes cold starts, short trips, traffic, hills, air conditioning and the weight of whatever is in the car. A car that returns a good figure on a steady motorway run can return a much lower figure on short town trips, and both figures are honest — they just describe different driving. The way to use MPG figures is to compare figures measured the same way, over the same kind of driving.

Worked example — how to improve fuel economy

On this page, how to improve fuel economy is the case in point: Take a driver covering 10,000 miles a year as an example figure. The method on this page works the same at any mileage, so the example is there to show the arithmetic, not to state a fact about your car. Start with the measurement or the figure you can check yourself — a gauge reading, a tread-depth reading, or the figure on the placard — and write it down before you do anything else. Then apply the method step by step, checking each result against the one before it, because an error early in the chain is the one that is hardest to spot later. If the result surprises you, check the inputs first: a pressure read on warm tyres, a tread depth measured in one spot only, or a figure taken from the fitted tyre instead of the placard will each give a wrong answer that looks plausible. That is why the worked example on this page states its assumptions openly, and why you should do the same with your own figures.

What changes the answer — how to improve fuel economy

Fuel economy is a measurement, not a feeling, and the reliable way to measure it is the brim-to-brim method: fill the tank to the first click, reset the trip meter, drive normally, then fill to the first click again and divide the miles driven by the gallons used. That gives the car's real miles per gallon over those miles, in the conditions you actually drove in. The dashboard figure is a useful guide, but it is an estimate from the car's own sensors, and it can read a little high or a little low. That is the point this page works through for how to improve fuel economy.

  • On this page, how to improve fuel economy is the case in point: Driving type: steady motorway driving usually returns better MPG than stop-start town driving.
  • On this page, how to improve fuel economy is the case in point: Cold starts: a cold engine uses more fuel, so short trips hurt the average more than long ones.
  • For how to improve fuel economy, the point is this: Load and roof boxes: extra weight and a roof box increase drag and fuel use.
  • On this page, how to improve fuel economy is the case in point: Tyre pressure: under-inflated tyres increase rolling resistance and fuel use.
  • For how to improve fuel economy, the point is this: Air conditioning: running the air conditioning adds load to the engine and uses more fuel.
  • Speed: fuel use rises sharply at high speed because aerodynamic drag grows with the square of speed. That is the point this page works through for how to improve fuel economy.

Common mistakes — how to improve fuel economy

  • Comparing a UK imperial MPG figure with a US MPG figure as if they were the same unit. That is the point this page works through for how to improve fuel economy.
  • Taking how to improve fuel economy as the case in point: Trusting a single tank of fuel instead of averaging over several tanks.
  • On this page, how to improve fuel economy is the case in point: Forgetting to reset the trip meter at the fill, which adds miles from the previous tank.
  • On this page, how to improve fuel economy is the case in point: Comparing a laboratory test figure with a real-world brim-to-brim figure and concluding the car is faulty.

Step by step — how to improve fuel economy

  1. Taking how to improve fuel economy as the case in point: Fill the tank to the first click of the pump and reset the trip meter to zero.
  2. For how to improve fuel economy, the point is this: Drive normally until the tank is low, noting the miles on the trip meter.
  3. Taking how to improve fuel economy as the case in point: Fill the tank to the first click again and note the gallons shown on the pump.
  4. Divide the miles driven by the gallons used to get the MPG for that tank. That is the point this page works through for how to improve fuel economy.
  5. Repeat over several tanks and average the results for a reliable figure. That is the point this page works through for how to improve fuel economy.
  6. Taking how to improve fuel economy as the case in point: Convert to litres per 100 km if you need it, using the conversion for the gallon type you measured in.

What can go wrong, and when to see a professional — how to improve fuel economy

Most problems with how to improve fuel economy announce themselves early if you know what to look for: uneven wear, a vibration that was not there before, a warning light, a noise that changes with speed, or a reading that does not match the placard. None of these is a reason to panic, and all of them are reasons to check the basics first — pressures with a gauge when the tyres are cold, tread depth across the whole tread, and the figures on the placard rather than the ones on the fitted tyre. If the basics are right and the symptom is still there, or if you find a bulge, a deep cut, a cracked sidewall or a tyre that is losing pressure quickly, that is the point to see a tyre professional rather than to keep driving and hoping. A professional can see the inside of a tyre, measure the alignment angles and test the sensors, and those are the checks that cannot be done from the driveway. The cost of an inspection is small beside the cost of a tyre worn out early or a problem found too late.

Related guides — how to improve fuel economy

Frequently asked questions

Why is my fuel economy worse than the official figure?

For how to improve fuel economy, official figures are measured in a laboratory test cycle, while real driving includes cold starts, short trips, traffic, hills and air conditioning. Short town trips in particular return much lower MPG than a steady motorway run. The official figure is a comparison tool between cars, not a promise for your driving.

Why do UK MPG figures look higher than US MPG figures?

For how to improve fuel economy, because the gallons are different sizes. An imperial gallon is about 20 percent larger than a US gallon, so the same car travelling the same distance on the same amount of fuel shows a higher MPG number in the UK. Litres per 100 kilometres avoids the confusion because it does not use gallons at all.

How do I convert MPG to litres per 100 km?

For how to improve fuel economy, divide 282.48 by the imperial MPG figure, or 235.21 by the US MPG figure. For example, 40 imperial MPG is about 7.1 litres per 100 km. Always state which gallon you started from, because the two conversions give different answers.

What affects my car's MPG most?

For how to improve fuel economy, the type of driving matters most: short, cold, stop-start trips use far more fuel per mile than steady motorway driving. After that, tyre pressures, extra weight, roof boxes, air conditioning and speed all move the figure. Check the pressures first, because it is the cheapest fix.

How do I calculate my car's MPG by hand?

For how to improve fuel economy, fill to the first click, reset the trip meter, drive normally, then fill to the first click again. Divide the miles driven by the gallons the pump shows. That is the brim-to-brim method, and averaging over several tanks gives a more reliable figure than a single tank. State whether you used US or imperial gallons.